The Poems Mending Wall And Home Burial Are About Division, Both On Ess

The sonnets ?Mending Wall' and ?Home Burial' are about division, both on a physical level and on a psychological level. ?Patching Wall' on first perusing is an extremely shortsighted sonnet about the yearly fixing of a divider however after closer perusing we can see it has a darker importance. The sonnet starts with an incoherent sentence, which promptly draws in the peruser's eye. ?Something there is that doesn't adore a divider,' The utilization of the word ?Something' stimulates the peruser's interested nature to peruse on to discover what this ?Something' is. The tone of this is easygoing and modest. The creator continues in a conversational tone discussing the motivations to clarify the separating of the divider. The reasons given are for the most part very down to earth however yet through these reasons we get a brief look at the message, which the creator urgently needs us to discover. ?Also, cause holes even two to can pass side by side.' Despite the fact that the sonnet is about division and partition we have a subject of solidarity in this line crawling through. The speaker communicates a wonderment of nature and a profound established regard this is shown in the manner he discusses the breaking of the divider ordinarily. ?That sends the solidified ground-swell under it What's more, spills the upper rocks in the sun,' The utilization of the similar sounding word usage of the s' is very quieting and the sounds make a streaming development. ?What's more, on a day we meet to push it What's more, set the divider between us indeed.' The creator utilizes the words ?meet' and ?between us' in nearness to one another to give the feeling that in spite of the fact that the two men cooperate for a similar explanation they are really working alone. The divider is a boundary that the two isolates them but binds together them in its fixing. ?We need to utilize a spell to make them balance;' The utilization of the word spell indicates mystically hints by the writer tells the peruser that everything are conceivable. The words ?game' and ?one on a side' further underscore the topic of division . There will never be any immediate discourse between the two men however yet through the speaker we find out about what the other man thinks about the divider. ?Great wall make great neighbors.' The speaker doesn't think the divider is vital ?There where it is we needn't bother with the divider.' The recommendation is constantly suggested by the speaker yet never stood up uproarious. The creator has a fun loving nature and through the sonnet it is shown, ?Spring is the underhandedness in me,....' The creator utilizes the word ?offense' as a fitting figure of speech an image of the sonnet's soul of play and opportunity. The creator rehashes the initial line as though to stir the considerations he had abandoned. The speaker in the sonnet takes a stab at a proposal for the dividers breaking, ?....I could state ?Elves' to him,' despite the fact that this is funny idea the neighbor could never consider it. It is just through the speaker's creative mind that he thought of mythical beings; the other man's considerations are bound to the real world. The speaker sees the man from an alternate perspective. He is a genuine man with brief period for ?trips of imagination' the speaker depicts him as an ?old-stone savage outfitted.' The speaker isn't alluding to his truly appearance however to his brain and its functions. The other man in the sonnet is worried about ceremonies any redirection from his ordinary reasoning is an awful thing. The inventive and creative side of his mind lies lethargic. ?He won't go behind his dad's maxim. What's more, he loves having thought of it so well' The other man in the sonnet is caught by work and perhaps his own past as it comes to him in the words his dad said. He is secured by these words not only truly by the retouching of the divider yet additionally intellectually when he takes everything on a balanced level no type of idealism is applied in his life. The sonnet features two sorts of individuals in this day and age. The first is spoken to by the speaker a man who lives by no psychological limits. The second is spoken to constantly man in the sonnet who is absolutely careless in regards to the endowment of creative mind. The divider is increasingly a psychological thing that shields

Free sample - The Hilton Concept of Quality. translation missing

The Hilton Concept of Quality. The Hilton Concept of QualityAll representatives and franchiseesâ follow Brand acknowledgment; offer reasonable and pleasant inns and are a piece of a multi universal system of inns of one to four stars. The system is developing each day asâ Hilton Worldwide procures inns everywhere throughout the world. The system guarantees an office of reservations, brand acknowledgment and internal controls that are known as the Hilton Way . This was the maxim of Conrad Hilton framing the enterprise in the 1940's. His first Hilton lodging goes back to 1925 in Texas. Hilton Worldwide runs it's organizations underâ Total Quality Management (TQM) as they train just their administration and the administration of every inn whether it be corporate or diversified managedâ toâ brand acknowledgment and to be client centered. All procedures done must be done the Hilton way (process thinking, legitimate condition). The inner running of lodgings is the duty of the individual inn. With the end goal of this Paper the Embassy Suites and the Beverly Hilton will be utilized to show how the Hilton way has not generally been adequate in quality evaluation and it has been important to include extra controls.. Hilton Worldwide has made a confounded in house program of RevPar record, the Balanced Scorecard and Brand Equity. A large number of dollars have been spent in an information arrange adjusting all inns so their money related and measurable information can be a piece of the Hilton Network. Every inn pays around $70 000 to have the framework introduced. One can't be called Hilton without holding fast to the network.â Everything is estimated, measured and sent back to corporate to pass judgment on their degree of administration and as far as incomes. (hiltonworlwide) RevPar list (income per accessible room) is an essential measurement used to test the budgetary suitability of a lodging. Hilton Corporation utilizes the RevPar Index, brand value and the reasonable scorecard. Each lodging in their framework from the 1 star to the 4 stars tries to do the Brand Hilton says others should do Convey an incentive for Money Income per accessible room or the % of inhabitance x the normal every day rate is to show the budgetary practicality of a lodging contrasted with another in a similar zone simultaneously and a similar kind. (strglobal) A four star Hilton Embassy Suite held at 90% inhabitance during the Christmas season in Los Angeles contrasted with a four star Embassy Suite saved at 85% inhabitance at a higher rate in San Francisco won't work out quite as well. What gets estimated gets oversaw is a piece of Hilton's system (TQM) and strategic procedures. The phrasing they have created has become to be known as theâ Adjusted Scorecard Corporate administration, corporate claimed and oversaw inns and diversified inns are influenced. It is a piece of Hiltons long and momentary system. All quality confirmation depends on the information got from execution measure information set up from the sort of work, the targets accomplished and the advancement made. Nothing remains out. Anything which can be evaluated is utilized for quality. The Scorecard is placed into a perplexing detailing information framework that every inn is required to have purchased and set up so as to keep up the Hilton picture. Contingent upon the outcomes, every individual in the association has motivators as inspirational variables. Their exhibition and desires are consistently a significant piece of the framework. Hilton utilizes the information and insights to pass judgment on results. TQM depends on internal execution and CEM depends on outward execution. RevPar Index, Balanced Scorecardâ and Brand Equity have been estimated in the Hiltons over the world to pass judgment on consumer loyalty. Hilton began with Brand Equity with the utilization of Hilton Hotel 50 years prior. Probably the most punctual lodging was the Beverly Hilton. Brands with client mindfulness and relationship with quality or consistency are powerful value brands. A client knows in any Hilton lodging on the planet, he will get a similar sort of service.â Now they have developed or extended in utilizing an extra H withâ Hilton Hotel, HHonors program, Homewood Suites, Hampton. All under the umbrella of H. Measurementsâ of brand value can be made yet they are just approximations. Keller K.L., 1993 Hilton's reasonable scorecardâ has empowered to evaluate the nature of the every day development and expanded brand value by quality control of the information that one Hilton is the equivalent from another. Furthermore, notwithstanding share-of-showcase development, non-money related estimates show improvement, too. Among organization possessed and - oversaw inns, current consumer loyalty examines uncover solid increments in clients' conclusions on generally fulfillment, their probability of suggesting Hilton lodgings, and their probability to come back to a given property. The three variables include a proportion of reliability Hilton tracks closelyand that score as of late arrived at its most elevated level ever. Hensdill (2009) The scorecard tests tidiness and conditions. Administration gauges are left to the individual lodging. (News Release, 2003) The lodgings are kept to the Hilton Way as a result of the interior information arrangement of check and balance and measurable controls. While administration has become a significant piece of the present business to separate between inn networks and set up client reliability, it is kept separate from the testing procedure of the quality confirmation .(beverly) Hilton Worldwide made an extra two segment of the Balance Scorecard to incorporate quality confirmation and visitor fulfillment for the Embassy Suites. They have shock visits, reviews of kitchens, and guestrooms. Visitors are approached to rate various administrations in the lodging. Everything is still measured and nothing is managed on an enthusiastic level. (News Release, 2003) This means they depend on Total Quality Management. Beverly Hilton is an exclusive lodging which just uses the point arrangement of HHonors of the Hilton program. It was essential to keep the name and have the brand value of the H as the Beverly Hilton is one of the most seasoned post war inns. As a private inn, they are not required to cling to TQM nor the Hilton Way. They utilize an outer organization for Quality Assurance and areâ administration situated. Their administrative group utilizes client experience the executives theory. In spite of the fact that they depend intensely on testing and evaluating, they question each part of their tasks. The voice of the client is the need of the inn. The outside organization has their own quantitative trial of value: look into is done during the time in client experience and inspiration ofâ workers through remuneration and acknowledgment, devices are set up to prepare staff in client care (understanding); enthusiastic reviews, studies, and shock visits. Getting ready for the yearly quali ty affirmation review, with LRA Worldwide, the Beverly Hilton can react rapidly and on the spot ofâ any insufficiency found. Factual examinations are finished utilizing the CEM (client experience management).(The Beverly Hilton,2005) 1. Correlation of CEM versusâ TQM by Hilton Worldwide. Insights of the successful on incomes between two sorts of the board - Motivation: administrations or requirements - Fidelity: passionate or area - Emotions: need or delight Control Chart to think about the change of RevPar per establishments during the Christmas season 2. In spite of the fact that Hilton is top of the rundown in consumer loyalty, more should be possible to change the Henry Ford chain line feeling that everything must be the equivalent. With a more client orientated administrative framework, Hilton inns will appear to be all the more plain and less modern. 3.â Hilton stays up with the latest with the different national tests. They are at the highest priority on the rundown of the vast majority of its rivals: image value: (Equitrend study) Visitor fulfillment is the most elevated for as long as three years with the Customer Satisfaction record (ACSI)(Big Gains,June 2010) They have inside testing of the better quality inns and factual investigation of the entire system: balance scorecards ( The inward working of the inns are up to the proprietors of the franchisees. As the desires for the budgetary objectives are high, the pioneering mentality doesn't consider a low degree of laborers' exhibition. Persuasive pay in money related honors is given for the individuals who meet set objectives. The entire framework depends on money related achievement. Despite the fact that visitor fulfillment is the most noteworthy in the business, it depends on American measurements. Brand acknowledgment is turning out to be increasingly more significant as globalization is without outskirts.

Is the Free Version of IELTS Essay Samples Effective?

Is the Free Version of IELTS Essay Samples Effective?When you're trying to decide which IELTS essay samples to choose from, it can be a daunting task. You may find yourself wondering whether the free sample is correct or not. What kind of advantages does the real one provide? In this article, we'll examine all these questions and see if the free type provides any real advantages over the real type.If you're a student in an IELTS course, then one thing you will learn quickly is that the real type of writing you are being taught isn't all that easy to write in real life situations. For example, you will not be able to give a speech about countries other than your own. Likewise, your paragraphs will not be very engaging at all and as a result, you will not be able to get through the essay easily.The primary benefit offered by the free version of IELTS test is the possibility of a reduction in costs. You will be able to help yourself in the money aspect of the education process. You can choose to forgo the expensive English class and instead opt for the free practice. This gives you the opportunity to know what type of material you will be teaching in your classes.However, the real advantage of the sample essays, which you can purchase, is the fact that you are teaching yourself a great deal about the English language and other subjects that are important to your career. By knowing how to teach yourself the various phrases, constructions and other details of writing, you are getting a first-class education. When you're finally ready to study the real material, you can always go back and refresh your memory with your knowledge of the language.The primary disadvantage to the free IELTS essay samples is that they are not all designed for all audiences. Some of them may be too advanced for atypical English student to understand, and some of them may be designed for students who speak English as a second language. In either case, you may not be able to fully comprehend what is being presented to you.Some of the free versions of the essay will be designed for people who have no background whatsoever in writing. These types of essay are usually intended for students who have not been formally trained as writers but still want to learn to write effectively. However, the students who have written in their academic English courses may find the lack of grammar and spelling issues and excessive use of abbreviations and symbols to be an enormous asset to their academic writing skills.However, I would also be remiss to not mention the disadvantages of the free versions. The one big advantage of the free IELTS sample essays is that they are normally free of charge. While they do offer a great deal of instruction and support for those who want to pursue the writing skills they learned in their English classes, there are also the chance that these essays will prove to be almost impossible to understand, which may not only make it difficult to pass the course, but may also mean a financial loss.In my opinion, if you really want to succeed with your IELTS test, then go for the full length version of the IELTS exam and skip the free type. This is because of the fact that these essay samples provide you with all the training you need to succeed. Even though it may be challenging to get through the free IELTS samples, as long as you take time and truly think about the writing strategies you are being taught, you will become a great writer and success will soon follow.

Alexander the Great Conquest - 848 Words

Alexander the Greats Distribution of Culture Someone who has abilities above the normal or average person is considered great. In this case, were talking about Alexander the infamous Greek invader. Alexander the Great was a man of conquest and curiosity. By the age of twenty he had already conquered many of his local Grecian city states and had established himself as a leader. His desire to conquer and explore grew as he aged. As he travelled he took along with him the morals and customs of the place he was from. Alexander the Great spread Greek culture through conquest and the use of cultural manipulation. Much of Alexanders success in conquering the Persian Empire was due to his guile. In ancient times, imperialists couldnt†¦show more content†¦His leadership skills and large military allowed him to usurp most of Asia and Persia. Cultures clashed and ideals mixed. Alexander forced his men to marry persian women in order to try to make things work. The somewhat aesthetic cultures of Persia and Asia were now amalgamated with the militaristic culture of Macedonia/Greece. As these two cultures were forced upon each other, Alexander left leaving behind some of his men who did no wish to go with him. These men settled there and took local women. (Document F.) A new culture arose from what Alexander left behind. His conquest forced cultures to collide, and before things even began to happen, Alexander left. After Alexander ravaged through Persia and North Africa, something was left behind. After he tricked cultures into thinking he was their leader, and attracting the Persians with his strict but ordered principles, something was left behind. Through conquest and curiosity Alexander the Great spread his ideas and customs, and what he left behind was a multitude of coexisting cultures. Conquest forced some of the cultures cultures to coalesce while deceit allowed others to mix. Alexander the Great brought new Grecian ideas to Persia and left behind a medley of Persian and Greek world views in hisShow MoreRelatedThe Conquests Of Alexander The Great1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The conquests of Alexander the Great ushered in a new era in the political and cultural history of the Near East. In their wake, both the Jews of Judaea and their brethren in a rapidly expanding diaspora were subjected to radical forces of social and cultural change. These changes, effected by the introduction of Greek culture into the lands of the Near East that led to the emergence of the phenomenon commonly known as Hellenism, greatly transcended the purely political vicissitudesRead MoreThe Conquests and Legacy of Alexander the Great Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great, is one of the most legendary figures in our history and in the history of the world. His conquests and endeavors echoed far and wide, bringing about new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander earned his place in the world’s history and is worthy of the title ‘The Great’ because of his military prowess, his idealism and his legacy. During the course of his life and reign, Alexander had fought and won many battles and wars, defeatingRead MoreAlexander the Great (his relationship with his father; how he came to power; his conquests)1733 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great, king of Macedonia, accomplished much in his lifetime. He added many new lands to his vast empire including Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Sogdiana, and part of India. He became the conqueror of the world he knew. Alexander the Great was the son of Princess Olympias of Epirus (Cinderella) and King Philip II of Macedonia (Popovic). His parents hated each other and had an unstable marriage (Cinderella). Philips relationship with Alexander was also poor. He onceRead MoreAn Accurate Historical Account of Alexander the Great in Flavius Arrianus Xenophons The Campaigns of Alexander704 Words   |  3 PagesFlavius Arrianus Xenophon, also known as Arrian, author of â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is also well known throughout history for his educational connection with philosopher Epictetus. This book was meant to be Arrian’s master piece; his claim to fame. Arrian created â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† to depict the life and times of Alexander the Great (July 20, 356-June 10, 323 BC). Today Arrian’s â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is considered one of his greatest pieces of work and is recognized historicallyRead MoreAlexander The Great Of The Russian E mpire969 Words   |  4 PagesThere are few topics in history that garner more attention and study than Alexander the Great. Almost everyone in the western world has heard of Alexander in school, books, or in other cultural depictions. However, his effect on the history of the world cannot be overstated. Alexander’s empire had an effect on people from the Balkans to Egypt, and from Babylon to India. His empire resolved the long standing conflict between the Persians and Greeks, established multiple cities across the Middle EastRead MoreAlexander The Great : Alexander The Great And The Persian Empire930 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great was skilled and respected military leader. After inheriting the throne from his father, King Philip II, Alexander would go on to conquer the Persian Empire, unite Greece and spread Hellenistic views across Greece. Alexander being the son of a king was born into royalty. In fact, he had the pleasure of having the great Aristotle as his teacher. It was Aristotle’s job to teach Alexander what he need to know in order to later conquer the Persian Empire and to teach him the importanceRead MoreAlexander the Great 1370 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander was born around 356 B.C. His mother was of royal lineage, as was his father, Philip II. When Alexander was fourteen, he studied under the Athenian philosopher, Aristotle. Perhaps no culture has ever produced a greater mind than Aristotle’s. So searching and profound was Aristotle’s work that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries A.D. much of the Christian church regarded his teachings as being divinely inspired. No subject was untouched by his contemplation. Philosophy, botany, geographyRead MoreAlexander the Great Summary 16861 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. Even at an early age, Alexander had the promise to become a great leader. Through all his victories and conquests, he has become a great hero and has had a large impact on history. That is why I chose he book Alexander the Great, by J.R. Hamilton for my review. Hamilton does a very good job with the story of Alexander the Great. The bookRead MoreAlexander The Great : The Characters Of Alexander The Great1222 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the beginning of his short-lived life in Pella, the capital of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was immensely affected by the traits of his mother, father, and tutor. Philip II, king of Macedonia and Alexander’s father, was a man of great strategic ability, and gave Alexander practice in military leadership. This experience and knowledge passed down from his father became useful during his conquest across Europe. Olympias, one of Philip II’s wives and Alexander’s mother, had incredibly strongRead MoreHayden Hawkinson . Mrs. Heflin. English 6 - 6. March 2,1143 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 6 - 6 March 2, 2017 Alexander the Great â€Å"I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.† Alexander the Great is the smartest and fiercest military leader that has ever lived. His military wisdom and fierceness led him to being a great leader of Greece, conquering all of Asia Minor, conquering the Persian empire, and ruling the biggest empire the world had ever seen before 334 BC. This led him to being a great Greek leader, being a fierce

Finding False Memories Of The Mall - 1446 Words

Texperiences. Some people might argue that getting lost in the mall is too common of an experience to demonstrate false memories. For this argument, Hyman et al. constructed an experiment to show the occurrence of false memories in less that common childhood events including spilling punch at a wedding and a sprinkler system going off a at grocery store. For one variation of this study, Hyman et al. implanted the memory of an overnight hospitalization with a high fever, and possible ear infection. The participants were told they were going to be asked about events from their childhood based on information provided by their parents. They were then given the titles of the events (including the false visit to the hospital) and asked to†¦show more content†¦Some ideas in the field include looking at the response speed of the recollection of memories, and the emotion felt when recalling the memory (Reisberg). A common assumption is that the confidence with which memory is recalled could indic ate its accuracy. However, there is very little association with how sure someone is about the occurrence of an event and how accurate their recollection is. We are often sure of our false memories. Smith, Ellsworth, and Kassin explain this in their study on Eyewitness Accuracy and Confidence. They note that most officials in court cases overwhelmingly believe confidence in eyewitness testimony to be positively correlated with accuracy. To disprove this, they studied about 100 undergraduate students from Stanford University. They had the students watch a car accident, participate in a filler task, and then answer questions about the car accident. They were asked to rate the confidence on their answers on a scale of 1 (no clue) to 10 (absolutely sure). The researchers then computed the correlation of accuracy and confidence and found the same conclusion as Reisberg explained: confidence can not be solid an indicator of accuracy (Smith 358). In fact, the more we are asked to recall a memory, the more confident we become, which is unfortunate because it s easy to create a false memory. Let us take anShow MoreRelatedThe Car Crash Study By Loftus And Palmer1179 Words   |  5 Pages The Car Crash Study was done in 1974 by Loftus and Palmer that was aimed to test their theory that the language used in an eyewitness testimonies can alter the eyewitness’s memory of the event. They got 45 American students and showed them 7 films of traffic accidents, ranging from 5 to 30 seconds, in a random order. Afterwards the subjects were asked to describe what happened as if they were at the accident. They were then asked more specific questions such as, â€Å"About how fast were the cars goingRead MoreProject M2 : False Memory1635 Words   |  7 Pages Project M2: False Memory Literature review. This project is based on false memory and asks the question, â€Å"Will words that are presented visually evoke false recall of an associated word more than if words are presented aurally?† False memory has been defined as, â€Å"A mental experience that is mistakenly taken to be a veridical representation of an event from one’s personal past. Memories can be false in relatively minor ways, believing one last saw the keys in the kitchen when they were in the livingRead MoreDoes Drm Effect Affect Memory?1553 Words   |  7 PagesDRM paradigm has been used to produce false memories in controlled conditions. For our project we used positive and neutral mood inductions to examine an effect on false memories using the DRM lists. Storbeck and Clore (2005) found that negative mood leads to fewer false memories and that there is not effect of positive mood on memory. The current experiment is rested on two hypotheses: one that mood does not affect memory; therefore, accuracy will not differ between the two conditions. Second hypothesisRead MoreAsparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be a False Memory Away2000 Words   |  8 PagesAsparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be a False Memory Away Utshav Tiwari East Central University Asparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be Just a False Memory Away Summary The article is about false memory. The researchers are trying to find out the effect of planting positive false memory in an individual. The authors of the article are; CaraRead MoreFalse Memory Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesFalse memory, second to forgetting, is one of the two fundamental types of deformation in episodic memory (Holliday, Brainerd Reyna, 2010). Simply stated, false memory is the propensity to account normal occurrences as being a fraction of a key experience that in actuality was not an element of that experience (Holliday, Brainerd Reyna). False memories are something nearly everyone experience. Furthermore, false memory is defined as placed together, constructed representations of mental schemasRead MoreExamine and Assess the Influence of Other People on Human Behaviour and Performance.1704 Words   |  7 Pagestodays technologically advanced society. Finally, the essay will use the research done by Loftus and Palmer in the 1970s together with Loftus and Pickerell (1995) to assess and evaluate the influence of other people on human performance, in this case, memory and how it can be distorted by others. The aim of Adorno et als (1950) study was to measure personality and the predisposition for fascism (the F-scale) through the quantitative method of administering questionnaires to over 2000 participantsRead MoreFalse Memory : How It Impacts Everyday Life And Society2076 Words   |  9 Pages False Memory: How it Impacts Everyday Life and Society Sami Bickford Caledonia-Mumford High School Abstract False memory involves rebuilding memories by filling in the gaps with interpretations and then eventually convincing oneself that it is true. There are multiple different causes to the creation of false memory and ways of identifying what is true or false. Therapist manipulation by implanting false memories of sexual abuse as a child in to their patients has become a majorRead MoreWhat Is A False Memory?2142 Words   |  9 PagesCherry, K. (2016, March 19). What Is a False Memory? Retrieved April 30, 2016, from https:// www.verywell.com/what-is-a-false-memory-2795193 This webpage presents false memory at a glance. The webpage covers topics relating specifically to false memory, such as the definitions, causes, impacts, and who is affected. The author distinguishes false memory from other forms of memory fallibility. Also, the author indicates the various factors that influence false memory like misinformation, misattributionRead MoreAnalyzing the Problem of a Witness Recall of Memory Based on Psychiatric Intervention2057 Words   |  8 PagesFalse Memories Petition 1) The problem of a witness recall of memory based on psychiatric intervention- the evidence of which is unreliable It is humbly submitted that oral evidence all over the world forms the primary form of evidence. What a person sees, hears and probably experiences are part of the testimony which can be rebutted by a cross examination. In the adversarial form of criminal law, evidence of this type must be subject to a cross examination by the defence. In the case of a personRead MoreRepressed Memories Essay3891 Words   |  16 PagesRepressed Memories Abstract In recent years there has been a hot debate between repressed vs. false memories. Neurobiological studies show that both suppression and recall and the creation of false memories are possible. This paper evaluates the evidence but forth by both sides of the controversy and concludes that both are feasible and separate phenomenon, which occur at significant rates in our society. Further biological research on the effect of psychological trauma on the neurochemistry

Business Cycles Essay - 1804 Words

Business cycles affect all individuals within the population. Whether as part of the general public, consisting of customers and consumers, or as part of the world of business, from small local companies to large multi-national organisations. Obviously, all governments aim for economic growth within societies, in order to achieve national progression. This can include various factors such as high levels of employment, investment and general business confidence. However, things do not always turn out as planned. For example, if economic growth slows down, this can have severe consequences, such as rising levels of unemployment, decreased consumer spending, and eventually bankruptcy of expendable businesses. In this assignment, I†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Here cyclical movements are interpreted as manifestations of a mechanism which counterbalances and absorbs the external shocks to which the economy is subjected. They reflect the flexible way in which the economy interacts with its environment.† (Reijnders, 1990) The business cycle develops with the influence of external factors, whether intentionally conducted or unexpected activity. For example, the unexpected activity may be a rapid increase in imported goods resulting in higher demand, and the intentional reaction would be the alteration of policies and rates. Failure to react efficiently could eventually lead to dire consequences, such as a distressed economy. I will expand on the government’s involvement in the matter of business cycles and the economy, as they are a vital component of the system. The government plays a key role in determining the amount of supply and demand of products/services within the economy. They control this by various factors, such as policies regarding taxation, spending and interest rates. The fluctuation of these numbers influence the decision of individuals as well as organisations, whether buying or investing at any given time. However, the government change these figures according to previously decided prerequisites in order to best maintain a healthy andShow MoreRelatedBusiness Cycle1566 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 Introduction In macroeconomics, business cycle played an important role to show what a national economy is going; therefore, this essay will define what business cycle is and its characteristics. Besides, all of variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), inflation and unemployment rate and their behaviour in the business cycle will be also demonstrated in the second part. The final part of this essay will analyse and compare the situation of Australian economy and USARead More Business Cycle Essay800 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy. The company either suffers or benefits depending on what kind of economy it is. This will depend on what kind of company it is, and what kind of market the business does well in. The Business Cycle is what determines this factor. It is a term used in economics to designate changes in the economy. Timing of the business cycle is not predictable, but its phases seem to be. Many economists site four phases—prosperity, liquidation, depression, and recovery. During a period of prosperity, a riseRead MoreEffect Of The Business Cycle Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThis study uses time-series data from the CPS March data to investigate the effect of the business cycle from 2003 to 2014 on the wage differentials between females and males. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which can be considered as the primary source of labor force statistics for the population of the United States. This study also uses data from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)Read MoreMexico Business Cycle1260 Words   |  6 PagesMexico’s Business Cycle The term business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity around its long-term growth trend. It involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of output-recovery and prosperity, and periods of relative stagnation or decline- contraction or recession. These fluctuations are often measured using real gdp. Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic growth and decline do not follow a purely mechanicalRead MoreStages of a Business Cycle2741 Words   |  11 PagesSTAGES OF A BUSINESS CYCLE RECESSION A recession—also sometimes referred to as a trough—is a period of reduced economic activity in which levels of buying, selling, production, and employment typically diminish. This is the most unwelcome stage of the business cycle for business owners and consumers alike. A particularly severe recession is known as a depression. RECOVERY Also known as an upturn, the recovery stage of the business cycle is the point at which the economy troughs out and startsRead MoreReal Business Cycles Hypothesis Sees Cycles1839 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Real Business Cycles hypothesis sees cycles as starting in frictionless splendidly focused economies with for the most part finish markets subject to genuine stuns (irregular changes in innovation or efficiency), it makes the contention that cycles are predictable with aggressive general harmony situations in which all operators are levelheaded maximizers (The Economist). In opposition to what Keynesian, Monetarist, and new traditional business analysts trusted, RBC scholars, beginningRead MoreMacro Economics - Business Cycles1410 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Cycles Business Cycles ââ€" º The value of real GDP over time shows periodic fluctuations in its movement ââ€" º The business cycle refers to the periodic fluctuations of economic activity about its long term growth trend ââ€" º The Business cycle is the more or less regular pattern of expansion (recovery) and contraction (recession) in economic activity around the path of trend growth. ï‚ § At cyclical peak, economic activity is high relative to trend ï‚ § At a cyclical trough, the lowRead MoreThe Four Stages Of The Business Cycle799 Words   |  4 Pagesstages of the business cycle are complex phases that our economy undergoes. To grasp the concept of the stages, you must first be familiarized with the business cycle itself. The business cycle is the alternating periods of growth and decline. Or to be more intricate, â€Å"The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables,† (Inc.com). A business cycle is comprised ofRead MoreKeynes Theory Of Business Cycles Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesKeynes Theory of Business Cycles Introduction A business cycle refers to a phenomenon of alternating periods of expansion and contraction in economic activity. In many cases such as have been witnessed in free market nations including the USA and Great Britain, economic growth is characterized by long-run upward GNP growth, followed by large periodic short-run fluctuations in economic activity. The economic period associated with high income, output and unemployment, is also known as upswing expansionRead MoreThe Economic Position On The Business Cycle1507 Words   |  7 Pageshe business cycle, also known as the trade cycle, is defined as â€Å"the fluctuation in economic activity that an economy experiences over a period of time† (SOURCE). Basically, the trade cycle is the alternating cyclical movement of economic conditions; phasing through periods of expansion, peaks, contractions, troughs and recoveries. Predicting the whereabouts of a nation and its economy on the trade cycle is a very important challenge; as the d etermination of current and forecasted economic conditions

A Description of Hurricanes free essay sample

Alexander Mazariego Informative Outline II Topic: Hurricanes Audience:Classmates and Instructor of Summer semester Communications class at Austin Peay University. General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose:To inform my audience of what a hurricane is, background information on some of the worst hurricanes in history and how to prepare for a one. Thesis: Hurricanes are one of the worst natural disasters but with a little bit of knowledge and some preparation you can greatly improve your chances of coming out of a hurricane unscathed. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Early Monday morning six years ago one of the worst natural disasters to ever occur in the United States took place. On that fateful morning a city that is known for its good times and crazy outlandish behavior was forever being changed by Hurricane Katrina. B. Reason to Listen: The more you know about hurricanes, the better your chances of surviving and while minimizing the danger you put yourself in. C. Thesis Statement: The more knowledge you have and with a good plan you can help minimize the dangers of a hurricane.D. Credibility Statement: 1. Living in Florida most of my life, I have experienced many hurricanes. 2. I have done research and put plans into action during a hurricane. E. Preview of Main Point: 1. First, I will discuss what a hurricane is and the different stages of one. 2. Second, I talk about some of the worst hurricanes ever to be recorded. 3. Lastly, I will give you some advice on how to prepare and make a plan that could help minimize the dangers you will face when going through a hurricane.II. Hurricanes are one of the worst natural disasters but with a little bit of knowledge and some preparation you can greatly improve your chances of coming out of a hurricane unscathed. A. Hurricanes are tropical storms that have sustained wind speed of 75 mph or greater. They are formed over warm ocean waters, usually beginning in the Caribbean and slowly drifting westward. They are fueled by warm waters, the warm, moist air moves to the center of the storm and begins to spiral upward.As the updraft sucks up more and more water vapor, it begins to strengthen the storm and will continue to strengthen it until reaching cooler water or makes landfall. 1. There are three different stages to a hurricane. a. A tropical depression is a disturbance with a clearly defined low pressure area. With a max wind speed of 38 mph. b. Tropical storms are defined by its distinct low pressure area that is well defined by a rotating circulation with winds of 39-73 mph.The storm becomes a hurricane when it reaches a constant wind speed of 75 mph or greater. At this point hurricanes are broken down to 5 different categories. 1- Minimal, 2- moderate, 3- Extensive, 4- Extreme, 5- Catastrophic. Transition: I have just informed you on how a hurricane is created and the different stages and category of one, now let’s talk about some of the worst hurricanes ever to be recorded. B. Hurricanes are one of the world’s worst natural disasters. Here is an example of 3 of the worst hurricanes in history. . Hurricane Pauline in 1997 was one of the most destructive Pacific hurricanes to hit land in Mexico. Pauline dropped a relentless amount of rain on Mexico, some parts seeing up to 16†, causing deadly landslides roughly 400 people and leaving over 300,000 people homeless. It caused over 7. 5 billion dollars in destruction. 2. Hurricane Andrew in 1992 was the only named storm of that season. Striking Miami, Florida at an average wind speed of 130 mph. Hurricane Andrew was a category 4 hurricane when it made landfall.It caused damages in the neighborhood of 30 billion dollars. 3. As I am sure we all remember Hurricane Katrina was the worst natural disaster to ever happen to the united states in history. The storm was a category 5 hurricane and shortly before madding landfall it weakened to become a category 3 hurricane. Hurricane Katrina claimed the lives of 1,836 people in the actual hurricane and numerous more afterwards. It caused over 81 billion dollars in damages making it the costliest natural disaster to ever occur in the US.Transition: Now that you know how a hurricane is created and how deadly they can be, let`s talk about ways you prepare for them. C. With the right amount of knowledge and a plan you can better your chances of surviving through a hurricane. 1. It is always a good idea to have a plan. You should plan an evacuation route, if you don’t want to leave designate your basement or a room in the house that does not have windows or any kind of glass, where you will stage up and ride out the hurricane in. 2.Stock up on can goods and other non-perishable foods and be sure to have plenty of water bottled water, be sure to pack blankets, clothes, batteries, flashlights, battery operated handheld radios and other essential items, you never know how long you may be without electricity and you never know the damage it may cause. 3. The news channels will give issue warning when a hurricane is approaching the first one will be a hurricane watch which is issued 36 hours in advance the second is a hurricane warning which is issued with 24 hours or less remaining.Monitor radios and news channels so you are up to date on all information. III. Conclusion A. Review of Main Points: 1. Today I first spoke about how a hurricane is created. 2. Secondly, I gave you a brief history on 3 of the worst hurricanes ever to be recorded. 3. Finally, I shared tips and information on things you can do to help prepare yourself for surviving a hurricane. B. Restate Thesis: Hurricanes are one of the worst natural disasters but with a little bit of knowledge and some preparation you can greatly improve your chances of coming out of a hurricane unscathed.

THE GREAT IMPOSTERS Finding Good Day Care Can Certainly Pose A Problem

THE GREAT IMPOSTERS Finding good day care can certainly pose a problem these days, unless, of course, you're an African widow bird. When it comes time for a female widow bird to lay her eggs, she simply locates the nest of a nearby Estrildid finch and surreptitiously drops the eggs inside. That's the last the widow bird ever sees of her offspring. But not to worry, because the Estrildid finch will take devoted care of the abandoned birds as if they were her own. And who's to tell the difference? Though adult widow birds and Estrildid finches don't look at all alike, their eggs do. Not only that, baby widow birds are dead ringers for Estrildid finch chicks, both having the same colouration and markings. They even act and sound the same, thus ensuring that the widow bird nestlings can grow up among their alien nestmates with no risk of being rejected by their foster parents. MASTERS OF DISGUISE Things aren't always as they seem, and nowhere is this more true than in nature, where dozens of animals (and plants) spend their time masquerading as others. So clever are their disguises that you've probably never known you were being fooled by spiders impersonating ants, squirrels that look like shrews, worms copying sea anemones, and roaches imitating ladybugs. There are even animals that look like themselves, which can also be a form of impersonation. The phenomenon of mimicry, as it's called by biologists, was first noted in the mid-1800s by an English naturalist, Henry W. Bates. Watching butterflies in the forests of Brazil, Bates discovered that many members of the Peridae butterfly family did not look anything like their closest relatives. Instead they bore a striking resemblance to members of the Heliconiidae butterfly family. Upon closer inspection, Bates found that there was a major advantage in mimicking the Heliconiids. Fragile, slow-moving and brightly coloured, the Heliconiids are ideal targets for insectivorous birds. Yet, birds never touch them because they taste so bad. Imagine that you're a delicious morsel of butterfly. Wouldn't it be smart to mimic the appearance of an unpalatable Heliconiid so that no bird would bother you either? That's what Bates concluded was happening in the Brazilian jungle among the Pieridae. Today, the imitation of an inedible species by an edible one is called Batesian mimicry. Since Bates' time, scientists have unmasked hundreds of cases of mimicry in nature. It hasn't always been an easy job, either, as when an animal mimics not one, but several other species. In one species of butterfly common in India and Sri Lanka, the female appears in no less than three versions. One type resembles the male while the others resemble two entirely different species of inedible butterflies. Butterflies don't "choose" to mimic other butterflies in the same way that you might pick out a costume for a masquerade ball. True, some animals, such as the chameleon, do possess the ability to change body colour and blend in the with their surroundings. But most mimicry arises through evolutionary change. A mutant appears with characteristics similar to that of a better protected animal. This extra protection offers the mutant the opportunity to reproduce unharmed, and eventually flourish alongside the original. In the world of mimics, the ant is another frequently copied animal, though not so much by other ants as by other insects and even spiders. Stoop down to inspect an ant colony, and chances are you'll find a few interlopers that aren't really ants at all but copycat spiders (or wasps or flies). One way you might distinguish between host and guest is by counting legs: Ants have six legs while spiders have eight. Look carefully and you might see a few spiders running around on six legs while holding their other two out front like ant feelers. COPYCATS Mimicry can not only be a matter of looking alike, it can also involve acting the same. In the Philippine jungle there is a nasty little bug, the bombardier beetle. When threatened by a predator, it sticks its back end in the air, like a souped-up sports car, and lets out a blast of poisonous fluid. In the same jungle lives a cricket that is

Coupon mall Essay Example

Coupon mall Essay Example Coupon mall Essay Coupon mall Essay Essay Topic: The Namesake The research was mainly focused in determining the consumer perceptions or the product as well as the store and studying the competing malls and stores with respect to the factors influencing consumer buying behavior. As part of the study, the research also included understanding the future potential of destination shopping in Indian market. An exploratory research was carried out focusing on consumer preferences, price expectation, stated and unstated needs for products in a shopping mall. The methodology followed for the research consisted of depth interview and online survey. A sample of 25 customers have been considered to understand the need gap room their previous experience with Coupon mall and what they would have really liked. Another sample of 25 customers from the competitors store has been interview, a conclusive research has been done to understand the key parameters which affect consumer behavior. An online survey was filled by 30 customers. In addition to the above, an ethnographic study has been done to understand the operational aspect of the store. The research resulted in several key findings which emphasizes the existence of potential opportunities for Coupon mall which it can leverage to meet the need gap for customer requirements. The finding about customers explains that while discount is a motivating factor for them to enter the store, they major look for good quality products in store The results also include findings on important parameters which affects the sales in other retail outlets like Shopper stops, Brand factory, Bangor central and forum mall. Predate apparels started manufacturing in 1995; as a part of its retail wing, Coupon mall started operation in 2007 at Bangor and Rapper. The journey took a fast pace as it ventured in different cities like Abridged, Hydrated, country. The normal Store sizes ranges from 25000 to 50000 sq. Ft. It follows discounted retailing format by targeting value conscious customers but promises big brands in all consumer categories. It can be categorized as a family store because of the presence of product categories across Men, Women, Kids, Accessories, Shoes and Home section. The coupon mall as the subject of the project was selected after the collective observation that the sale of coupon mall was not up to mark. It was decided the problem identification and root cause analysis would be done. Observation made around campus and noticed that coupon mall had low footfall as compared to other malls. Coupon mall was chosen as a subject of research to understand The reasons behind low footfall Is footfall affecting the sales target of the mall If discount shopping format retail appeal to Indian value customer- Are these discount retailers showing a growth in Bangor Does destination shopping has a future Literature survey Price perceptions are an essential part of a retailers store image (Lindquist, 1974/1975; Simmer and Golden, 1988). The significance of price is also underlined by recent developments in the retailing sector. Customers seem to find discount stores cheaper than traditional retailers; however, retailers should not only gauge price images. As research has underlined the multidimensionality of price images (Ezekiel, 2006) and price satisfaction (Metzger et al. 2006), retailers have to set priorities as to which image dimensions they should attach the most importance to. Some retailers might be superior in terms of paying more attention to the price-level image, while other retailers should get better with the perceived value for money. While the price- level image refers to how cheap or expensive customers recognize the store, value for money depends on what customers perceive they get in return for the prices they pay (price-performance ratio). Despite the utter size and economic importance of discount retailers along with the concentrated coverage that hey receive in the popular press, academic researchers have only recently begun to meticulously examine their strategic decision-making and the consequence of competition between them (Ting GHz, Visual Sings, Mark Mazurka, 2007). Therefore each retailer needs to evaluate the enablers and deterrents in the retail marketplace. This primarily involves identifying the key drivers of growth, the shoppers profile and challenges in the market place. Then the retailer decides the elements of the retail mix to satisfy the target markets needs more effectively than its competitors. The hospice of retail mix elements will enable it to decide the type of format or structure of business. The present study answers these questions by analyzing different parameters which impact Costumers perception. The simplicity of bringing big city department stores and traditional shopping centers and malls into communities has since given way for more customized, taste specific retail centers that precisely define their target market. Moreover, the technique in which retail and retail development has identified place and destination has changed, with its definition being used ore copiously in print and marketing contexts while less so in the dictionary of planners and developers. The changing position and makeup of suburbs and their residents, the key demographic of shopping malls and complex, spurred this change and retailers needs to alter their definition of what constitutes a destination, and with more and more customers of all backgrounds and classes moving into these crucial retail battlegrounds, it will be up to developers, planners, retailers, and demographers to study these evolving settlement trends, evaluate their connection tit retail, and continue to redefine the retail destinations around them. This study has will also focus on the future of destination shopping format in Indian retail concept. Methodology Problem Identification: To understand the problem faced by coupon mall, 25 customers were interviewed who had visited different nearby malls. They were asked some basic questions to identify the grass root problems. Research design: As per the hypothesis, a competitive analysis had been done in which different attributes were compared for different malls with the help of a survey conducted on 25 customers. Exploratory research: Another 30 customers were interviewed to understand consumers point of view on the quality parameter which came out as the major concern in initial indents interview.. Conclusive research: To the customers perception regarding coupon mall, a perceptual map was drawn on the basis of the attributes which came out as findings from the comparative study of different malls. Recommendations: Based on the findings from the study, possible recommendations were given to increase the footfall and conversion ratio of the coupon mall. Exploratory research Two-folded approach was taken for exploratory research: ) To start with the exploratory research depth interviews of local resident were taken on different location at different dates and time. The interviews were taken on both weekdays and weekends, at Eggplant mall, shopper stop, Namesakes mall and also in and outside coupon mall. The questionnaire was developed by keeping the parameters like quality, variety, assortment and discount offered by Coupon mall. A typical interview started with the question that whether a customer knew coupon mall or not.

Personal reflect essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal reflect - Essay Example From personal experiences I have seen my father suffer from asthma and my grandmother suffer from high blood pressure and diabetes. During these instances I was asked to go to medical shops and get the required medicines and drugs. When these events occurred my lack of knowledge on the subject frustrated me. At that time I had an immense desired to learn more about the subject in order to help people. I had watched a number of movies related to pharmacy and medicine. I had also in my personal time read books such as The Last Medicine by Arthur Hailey. These readings increased my interest for the profession of pharmacy. One of my strengths is that I’m a person that takes advantage of every opportunity that comes my way. I also keep myself up to date with the current happenings, research, breakthroughs, and inventions in the fields of pharmacy and healthcare. I am a team player which a good trait in all professions particularly in the field of pharmacy because this will help me with the coordination in the inter-disciplinary treatment that pharmacy professionals need to provide. I seek to expand my knowledge base on every possible occasion and I am good at crisis management. I am capable of handling complex situations in a calm manner which is a pre-requisite for every professional in the field of pharmacy. There were other reasons why I decided to pursue a career in pharmacy. For instance, I was intrigued by human psychology and its acceptance of trying circumstances. I am a compassionate person and enjoy extending a helping hand to those in need. In order to further my goal I have volunteered at various health camps. Core values such as equality, human dignity, and justice are of utmost importance to me. I aspire to devote myself to servicing humanity as a tool to give back what I can to society. My goal in life is to become a pharmacist. Now that I have started on the path towards becoming a

Organisation and Management Different Perspectives Essay

Organisation and Management Different Perspectives - Essay Example Also, with such technologies the customers are more highly informed, like never before. Marketing is the principal undertaking by which links are forged between the customers and the industry. Therefore, it is evident that the marketing industry is constantly changing. Retail marketing has emerged as the need of the hour. The recent trends in marketing suggest that companies have greater accessibility to the end-consumer, eliminating the need for layers of middlemen. Consequently, retail marketing has been one of the fastest growing segments of the marketing industry. Recent developments in retail marketing in the hospitability sector suggest a very interesting trend. It is increasingly evident that many of the designer companies are seeking to penetrate the hospitality sector and to establish hotels in the commercial hubs like Dubai and London. Innovations in the business have led to increasing need for strategic planning for the purpose of effective assessment and monitoring of the business (Phillips & Moutinho, 1999). Among many of the major trends, it has been observed that the affluent society is becoming more sensitive about choosing the products that they purchase. This is primarily because today’s customers are deluged with a variety of products and a massive amount of information. Customers can easily gain access to information about the products that they are interested in. Also, the number of firms have grown which compete for the same markets in the same industry. With such a wide choice of alternatives, customers tend to look for establishments that would provide the service with the greatest value added at the most reasonable cost. (Escalera, 2007). With such trends prevailing in the industry it was inevitable that the designer companies like Missoni and Armani would attempt entry into the hospitality sector to create optimum value for the affluent society. The Varese

Tele Health And Tele Care Health Health And Social Care Essay

Tele Health And Tele Care Health Health And Social Care Essay Telehealth and Telecare are both advocated as a means of delivering social health and services effectively and economically in peoples home. By using these two technologies, monitoring activities and safety, providing virtual home visiting, and activating reminder system can be done quickly. Therefore, most of the consumers are elderly people .This paper compares Telehealth and Telecare technologies and highlights the popularity of each technology. The literature review of the paper has focused on defining each technology and looking to the users satisfaction from each technology. The SWOT analysis has been used to demonstrate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of each technology. To find the popularity of each technology some questionnaire forms has been used which distributed between 40 elderly people of Toronto by random. The results show that people between ages 66-75 are the highest consumers of telehealth and telecare and more satisfied. The overall analysis show ed that telecare satisfaction percentage is higher than telehealth satisfaction percentage however it is recommended for more advertisement for telecare products due to facing lots of people who were unfamiliar with telecare products. Future recommended research is an investigation on elderly and telehealth and telecare technology and focusing on telecare and telehealth interactions and requirements. INTRODUCTION 1.1- Introduction During the past few years there have been growths in possibilities of technical developments in smart environments. Developing the life quality for young, elderly and disabled people has become more and more vital task for todays societies all around the world. What is a smart home? According to the (Smart home, 2009) The terms smart homes, intelligent homes, home networking have been used for more than a decade to introduce the concept of networking devices and equipment in the house. According to the Smart Homes Association the best definition of smart home technology is: the integration of technology and services through home networking for a better quality of living Other terms that are related to smart homes are aware house changeable home, attentive house and ambient intelligence These terms are used to emphasize that the home environment should be able to respond and modify itself continuously according to its diverse residents and their changeable needs According to (Allen, 2001) Assistive technologies (AT) which can be known as a branch of Smart homes is applied to any kind of system or device, which has been designed to help disabled or elderly to overcome their individual disabilities. In other word Assistive technologies are broad range of devices and services that are designed to increase the functional abilities of disabled people. Assistive technology enables disabled and elderly people to become independent and participate more actively in their daily life. Telecare and Telehealth are two effective extensions of smart home technology as the concern is to use of technology to monitor the health of the users. Both telecare and telehealth systems rely on telephone lines or broadband internet as means of transferring information from the source which can be house to the receiver who maybe a doctor or a nurse. 1.2 -Background Telehealth, which is a part of information and communication technologies introduced for delivering health care services and it is considered as a way to answer lots of essential changing in healthcare systems in current years. Many of telehealth projects are taking place to targeting countryside and remote the population. So far, different kinds of telehealth applications have been implemented in developing countries and have shown the outcomes. However telehealth technologies have increased the availability of technology and telecommunication around the world. As (Gagnon et al , 2006) argue in their research, the execution of telehealth still faces major barriers, typically barriers related to structural, organizational and finally professional imperatives. Furthermore the structural barriers related to licensure, information technology developments and settlement of telehealth. Also, issues about health care organizations are also important to ensure the telehealth adoption. More over the adoption of telehealth technology by an individual is considered to be difficult which is determined by a large set of physical factors. According to (Perry et al, 2009) Telecare also is a part of telecommunication and technology which can provide care and support people in their homes. There are three kinds of people who can benefit most from telecare service, elderly people, disabled and those with mobility impairments. The use of this technology is determined to reduce the inappropriate or unnecessary admissions to the hospital especially for falls or any kind of accidents at home. To increase the benefits of telecare, it is necessary to know the opinion of the users about this technology. As (Crump, 2010) discusses, telecare services provide opportunities for technology to replace people in some roles. Although it is a rapid and effective technology for supporting services but it is necessary to have some training before using this technology. In other word this technology can be useful only if you know how to use it correctly otherwise it could be harmful. According to Nation health executive (NHE, 2006), by increasing an ageing population and prevalence of chronic disease a challenge for the management and integration of health care is growing. The need for new care models and new technologies for long term illness is more visible and clinical partnerships and networks supports the care strategies within home Environment. Therefore emerging telecare and telehealth have the potential to enable long term medical care in peoples own homes. Many studies indicate that telecare and telehealth technology has a positive effect on the clinical outcomes, user independencies, reduction in emergency visits and lower admission to hospital. However there is a lack of evidence to execute that these two technologies are cost effective-whilst there is a belief about assistive technologies exists that they should help to reduce costs in long terms and supports for faced problems. 1.3- Research The main focus of this research is to comparing telecare and telehealth and their consequences in medical business. The aim of this paper is to find out the popularity of these two technologies between elderly and finding their good and bad consequences on people, society and business. According to ( Sixsmith ,2000) Many people in the field trial reported enhanced feelings of safety and security, which could help to stimulate independence and help them to remain living in their own homes The monitoring system increased the care choices available to elderly people and supported and enhanced the cares role Technical perspective of telehealth and telecare concerns the use and development of ICT based systems. The marketplace of these technologies continues to see rapid developments. Therefore telecare and telehealth can make a real difference to the lives of elderly and disabled people. In this research the author is going to define telehealth and telecare separately and talking about the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two technologies as well as cost analysis of them due to the several studies over the years executes that these two systems achieved a considerable cost saving. Furthermore telecare and telehealth satisfaction is going to evaluate. 1.4- Research Aim and objectives The major significance of this study is to probe deeply in to the comments and analysis of several authors conducting their research in the subject of telecare and telehealth, to identify evidence of advantage or flaws and weaknesses that may or may not exist in the present exploitation of the services and related devices technology as well as evaluating the comments of elderly about telecare and telehealth, and finally evaluating the telecare and telehealth satisfaction between elderly. Therefore, the major objectives of these investigations are: * To provide necessary response to questions arising from the comparisons between telecare and telehealth. * To evaluate the popularity of telecare and telehealth between elderly and possible flow that may or may not exist in the present use of telecare and telehealth * To criticize and analyze the results. * To make some recommendation for future development of telecare and telehealth REVIEW OF LITERATURE Telecare and Telehealth ; as a part of the collection smart home play a major role in the comfort and quality of life of all people. This role is even more important when these technologies and services are contributed to a special group called elderly. (BBC news, 2008) produces program about chronic disease patients and elderly to use telehealth and telecare products at home and monitor their health by mobile phones. As declared in (BBC , 2008) Patients with high blood pressure and chronic lung disease will be initially recruited to test new technology that allows them to measure their blood pressure,and oxygen levels at homeThe readings will be sent via mobile phone into a central computer and collated into an online health record that can be accessed by both the patient and their GP. As BBC announced ; it is expected that project of telehealth and telecare to be expanded between 1500 patients by 2012. However the question is that how well do elderly people know these products? 2.2 -What is meant by Telehealth? As American (telecare, 2009) argues Telehealth is a revolutionary medical tool that affordably expands and improves health care services for patients regardless of age, race, gender or economic status Generally Elderly patients living in remote areas and individuals suffering from a chronic disease are best suited for telehealth services In another word telehealth plays an integral role in the management of long-term conditions. As healthcare professionals begin their health services from pilot to mainstream provision your telehealth partner must help you step by step to go through the transition. These services are usually provided when a Tunstall telehealth projects is started. Tunstall is a founder member of the continua health Alliance. Their policy of ongoing development means that products specification and appearance could change without prior notice. In general, telehealth is general term that includes many various activities. Many of components of telehealth integrated have been presented in the Telehealth Pyramid (figure 2.1). Figure 2.2.1 The Telehealth pyramid, ( Elford , 2004) Although all parts of the pyramid should be coordinated to gain the best result, each section could exist independently. On the basis of past successful telehealth experience, the components of telehealth should be placed in one physical center. In Figure 2.2.1 which has illustrated Telehealth levels in Health care system of USA, various parts of the pyramid will be delineated from the bottom to top. The size of each section could hardly present the number of people involved. The base section is 1-800 health call center. This center is active day and night for 24 hours, 7 days a week. The staff working in this section includes: health professionals, for most parts nurses. When clients call in , the staff would respond major health questions, assist patients with minor health problems and if needed guide the patient to the proper healthcare resource. The next layer (Medical Data and Telemetry call center). Has been set up similar to 1-800 call center, however in spite of receiving telephone calls, would also receive telemetry and medical information such as: blood pressure, EKG, Blood sugar and other types of blood chemistry, weight and pulmonary function test. This information could be sent on a daily basis or upon urgent request. The next section, Internet Health Information and Education provides health information websites for healthcare professional and patients. The patients website includes information on different topics, response to common health questions to choice of e-mailing a health professional on a special health problem, chatting with groups for the patients with special conditions. The health professional website has more complete information for various health conditions and provides access to the health education endeavors. The Tele-education layer is using all the telecommunication technologies and information to provide health education for both patient and health professionals. Some of the website functions of the former level could be used in this section. According to (Elford ,2004) The next layer includes Teleconsultation, Telenursing and Telehome care. Teleconsultation is defined as the provision of any medical services occurring between physician and patient such as: Telepsychiatry, Teledermotology, and Tele ENT All activities mentioned involve a health professional providing a health service a patient. Finally the last layer of pyramid (administrative center, research unit and training center) includes a number of key components that are crucial for the proper operation and long term maintenance of the telehealth. This center would manage and coordinate the following endeavors: a research unit will help in the design implementation and evaluation of telehealth project s and could also be involve d in technical test projects or evaluation. At last, a curriculum in Telehealth and a place for hands on training could be providing for the students. ( Elford ,2004) believes that Professionals (physicians, nurses, technicians) can also take non-credit courses could also take non-credit courses for education or training. Some organizations such as (Department of National Defense) contracting the training center, could provide health training to their personnel. Whilst the telehealth pyramid of NHS (national health center) , which belongs to the UK , shows using telehealth at three levels. Looking through the pyramid from bottom to top will show that 70 -80 % of the population are supported self-care which is possible by web based- tools, and self monitoring. At the second level which is high risk disease, some home monitoring is possible but the availability of doctors and nurses are necessary at this case. And finally at the third level of the NHS telehealth pyramid , because of the highly complex case management , home monitoring of patient, using assistive technology and computerized decision support system can be using all together. Figure 2.2.2 , NHS Pyramid , (Procter , Azarmina , 2007) Telehealth can connect people with one another and by various health organizations as follow: * Wireless mobile devices According to (Hinz ,2010), wireless mobile devices in this study will only be utilized in the context of healthcare. these devices include: consumer mobile phones, medical devices that work in the next generation of consumer mobile phone, and medical devices operates within a home premise and can transmit information through land-line , mobile phone or internet. * Basic mobile phones According to Hinz ,(2010) over the last ten years, the most accepted technology in day to day communication is the mobile phone. Even the most outdated mobile phone can make and receive both calls and text-messages .text messages and specially 3G mobile internets is a suitable media for the health system when we try to connect to patients. Also the appointment reminder alert is a very valuable tool. * Remote care clinical devices (Remote medical care, 2010) argues that In relation to vital signs, medical devices are different in size and complexity and the interaction with ill people. Many of these medical devices have software that could operate as a PC and mobile phone. High performance semiconductor chips which are highly integrated will expand personal medical devices. Whether these devices are a blood glucose meter, digital blood pressure meter, blood gas meter, digital plus/heart rate monitor or a digital thermometer are five system level blocks that are common for each device: * Power battery management * Data processing and control * Amplification and A/D conversation of the sensor input * Some type of Display * The sensor element(s) itself These devices are controlled by a handle, which are activated by battery power and using different biosensors and take measurements. The real performance topology of these blocks is quite different with the sensing, processing and information display demands of the type of meter and the chronic condition it measures. 2.2.1 -Telehealth satisfaction As (Ellis,2009) argued patient satisfaction influences on patients values and expectations from telehealth services therefore by measuring telehealth satisfaction more information and more positive and negative affect will be gained. On the other hand according (Ellis, 2009) the researches on patients satisfaction about quality of interactions and telehealth services are pretty low therefore there is more requires going in depth of this topic. According to the (Clinical evaluation, 2008) which evaluated the telehealth satisfaction from different aspects, most of the users of telehealth were between the ages of 65 to 80. The Pie chart in appendix 2 shows the age dividing in detail. The overall satisfaction level with Telehealth experience shows that 85 % of the users are very satisfied from this technology where only 15 % were satisfied and no one were not satisfied of it. The details of users satisfaction is shown in the pie chart in appendix 3. On the other hand the evaluation shows only 5% of people were disagree about the cost saving of Telehealth whilst 95% were agree about the cost saving. Appendix 4 shows the pie chart of the agreement and disagreement. 2.2.2 Consequences of Telehealth for the patients * Immediate utilization of care specifically for the patient who live in rural environments. * Patients receive care and health from a distance and do not have to go to doctors office to receive attention from their health provider. * Early detection to reduce emergency room visits and hospitalizations * To discharge early from hospital * Patient and family can have access to care from the comfort of their home. * Patients anxiety is reduced. * Increased conformity and ownership to their individual health care plan * Old patients can stay independent rather than going in to assisted living situation * Patients feel thesaurus to take part in their care program. * Increased patients satisfaction in received care In general Telehealth is a very effective tool to handle patients that need the most care and attract the most cost, especially patients with chronic and terminal conditions. The following patient conditions were successful with Telehealth program: 1- Chronic disease which includes: * HIV Aids * Cancer * Asthma * Diabetes * Congestive heart failure 2- Elderly patient cares which includes: * Post stroke * Therapies * Post operative states * Medical compliance 3- General care which includes * High risk pregnancy * Wound care The Telehealth advantage for healthcare providers, administrators and institutions are: * It can improve quality of care and clinical outcome * It can increase productivity for healthcare provider * It is a cost saving method that can advance profitability and business growth There are also some other advantages for doctors and nurses can schedule for patient visits without leaving the office. In this way productivity of the number of patients that can be visited per day could increase. Clinicians can expand their office geographically. Patients can be visited regularly. Healthcare will be able to spend more time with patients and can monitor and regulate their patients care better. Healthcare providers have the advantage of attracting managed care contracts and also will be able to manage cost effective service. (Darkins and Cary, 2000) believe that since healthcare expenses are rising, providers while maintaining good quality care and patients satisfaction .lower their costs. The related technologies help providers to produce their own effective healthcare by maximizing their human and capital resource. 2.3 -What is meant by Telecare? Telecare is to monitor a patients real-time emergencies and his life style changes from a distance in order to manage the risks associated with independent living. Telecare is needed since: As (Camarinha-Matos, Afsarmanesh, 2004) argue It is a highly flexible tool which can be employed by the needs of new users. This technology can be utilized in learning disabilities, physical disabilities and mental health. Telecare can contribute to independent living and quality of life for people and their family significantly. (Tunstall , 2007) believes that The major activity of Telecare services is to manage Telecare assets more effective to guarantee that service remain more productive. According to (Tunestall ,2007) Telecare overlay has been developed to allow the effective implementation of radio Telecare sensors into supported housing communities It enables the monitoring of wandering and bed occupancy as well as environmental issues such as smoke, flood and gas within a sheltered setting (Tunstall, 2007) also argues that the telecare overlay system includes a telecare manager unit and a radio receiver, this equipment is added to the existing communicable vision system and enables staff using a variety of sensors receive alarm calls. These receivers are located around scheme. When a receiver receives the radio signals of a sensor, it will be forwarded to the communicational vision system and then raises the alarm call on the handset carried by onsite staff. Therefore, the onsite staff will be able to talk to the resident. The system can alternately sound on alarm at the responding center. According to James Buckley, the chief executive officer of Telecare times in (Tunstall , 2007) , Telecare will make the cares able to go back to their work, will promote these services to more number of audience, and support people who have learning disabilities. In another word Telecare describes any services that bring health and social care directly to a user, generally in their homes, supported by information and communication technology. It covers social alarms, lifestyle monitoring and Telehealth (remote monitoring of UTIA signs) for diagnosis, assessment and prevention. Telecare covers a wide range of equipment (detectors, monitors alarms, pendants and etc) and also services for monitoring call centers and response. ( Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) believes that In the UK Telecare alarms acts as a mediator through call center, however in the US you are able to purchase devices that connects directly to emergency response services. The sample lists of Telecare devices are include: * Safety confirmation phones * Movement /non-movement sensors * Fire/smoke alarms * Food / water alarms * Window/door sensor * Bed/ chair occupancy sensor * Falls sensor * Wrist worn wellbeing monitors * Automatic lighting sensor * Carbon monoxide sensor * Temperature range sensor * Medication reminder sensor 1- Devices for predicting problem: This prediction depends on software that receives signals from sensor and analyses the frequency and severity of monitored event such as minor falls. 2- Devices that reduce the chance if problems occurring: For example a bad sensor can prevent falls by turning a light on when a person gets out of bed. This helps because does not need to move around and search for the light switch in the dark room. if the person does not return to bed it can raise an alarm. If the helps received quickly, problems do not rise. 3- Devices that mitigate harm These devices send an alert signal to a call center, therefore, a help can arrive quickly before harm is done .an extreme temperature device is activated when the temperature rises quickly or reaches a low point . 4- Personal safety confirmation: (Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) argues that The owner of this phone based device pushes a bottom on an agreed time everyday to inform the call center that they are well and alive. This considered as an alternative for independent people who are not interested in wearing a pendant alarm button or those who may fall and become unconscious and cannot pull an alert themselves. 2.3.1- Telecare satisfaction There were two types of telecare units that were developed. One of them is based on pc setup and video conferencing and another one off- the- shelf video conferencing units. According to (Guillen et al , 2002) there is high satisfaction for the patients who used telecare devices also the medical staff were satisfied due to the improvement in quality of health services. The result of their research shows that medical staffs believe that telecare system is a trustworthy system for patients and there is low risk for patients while using telecare system. However there are more researches needs to be done in this area because of the short duration of previous experiments. 2.3.2-Consequences of Telecare * It can help to maintain independence for people * Safety and confidence could be increased * It could support careers along with traditional healthcare support and housing initiatives. * It could ease the transfer from traditional models of residential care to supporting people at home. The pressure on the NHS can be reduced the environmental risks such as fire, flooding, carbon monoxide , natural gas , high and low temperatures and personal risks such as wandering , falling , inactivity , burglary , bogus callers and many more could protect users. (Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) * According to the (department of health ,2010) Telecare could prevent 160.000 people from entering residential care per year, indicating potential cost saving of 20 Billion pound . 2.4 -Comparison of Telecare and Telehealth A high increment in the cost of care or nursing homes is the main reason of inventing new methods of supporting people in their homes. Since according to (Doughty et al ,2007,p.6) the dependency ratio which is defined as( number of working people to those who are retired) is about to fall from 4:1 to 2.1:1 in the next 40 years, so the demands for the care services will increase and services that are based on technologies can replace. (According to Doughty et al ,2007, p.7) The term telecare was selected to cover all electronic technologies of a preventive or supportive nature because it had the necessary buzz and because it implied a modular approach and a need for a developing telecommunications infrastructure As (Doughty et al, 2007, p.7) argued Although the fundamental purpose of the technology is to avoid unscheduled care incidents and, in particular, the management of long-term conditions, it can support Independence because it is capable of overcoming the need for people to move prematurely into a nursing home environment Such technology would appear to be a medical application of telecare, which would be consistent with the new definition of telecare described above However, remote and regular (but not continuous) vital signs monitoring may be fundamentally different to existing UK telecare systems because the purpose is to collect data rather than offer an automated alarm Whilst in the USA, the remote vital signs monitoring system are known as telehealth. The term of telehealth in the Europe has been the Umbrella term which is used for grate range of technologies which includes telemedicine as well. The telehealth and telecare umbrella model will show the alternatives for adoption or rejection. As the figure 2.4.1 shows there are three components of telehealth exist which shows a growing range of assistive technologies. Also there are some disabled facilities has covered .covering number of comparatively expensive fixed assistive technologies like level access showers can be known as effective versions. However consequent removal while the service user moves on is more difficult with the result that the venture is left in the property. This means that following architects to follow the lifetime homes and using free access for the standards is necessary. Telehealth somehow has higher weight than telecare because health is necessary for everyone but maybe not everyone need care. Figure 2.4.1 Telehealth Umbrella model (Doughty et al ,2007, p.9) As figure 2.4.2 shows telecare is term which is used for all defensive technologies which are using electronics, telecommunication and information system. Thats why they can cover some applications such as alarms through monitoring the vital signs either in the home or on the move thus when a term such as Telehealth covers all forms of information and medical monitoring then the advanced form which is telecare could be expanded from environmental to medical areas. In another word According to (Doughty et al ,2007,p.8) the use of community / social alarm system to support independent living as a form of telecare was both a consequence of change in community care but also it produced a valuable service that did not have doctors and nurses as the gatekeeper Figure 2.4.2 umbrella model of telecare (Doughty et al ,2007,p.9) 2.5 -Impact of telecare and telehealth on cost saving There are lots of comparative studies in telehealth and telecare which demonstrate the economic benefits of these technologies. These studies show that improved access to suitable healthcare services, increased patients satisfaction and cost savings. Many of pre- reviewed researches consistent in finding that telehealth and telecare saves the patients, providers and payers money in compare of traditional healthcare system. According to (Jennett et al, 2003), Cost saving of telehealth services can be done by reduction in use of hospitals, nursing home services and transport costs. In other word reduction in transporting patients to emergency departments and therefore to physician offices will cause a reduction in cost of emergency department visits. 4.5- SWOT Analysis Since in primary data , the author couldnt noticed the presented data completely relevant to the research questions and couldnt answer all the objectives of the research therefore she decided to do the SWOT analysis .SWOT Analysis is a kind of evaluation by defining the Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the defined subject. 4.5.1- Telehealth SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of telehealth is focusing on what the strength of the telehealth are, what can be known as the weaknesses, what opportunities telehealth has and finally what are the threats o

lighthod The Nigger in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

The Nigger and The Heart of Darkness    â€Å"The Heart of Darkness,† by Joseph Conrad was written in 1898 and 1899 and published in 1902.   So, although it wasn’t surprising that the word used to describe a black person was nigger, it was insulting just the same.   Throughout the short story I had to remind myself of the time period it was written. Joseph Conrad is nothing short of a genius.   His writing technique is eloquent, and surreal and yet after having completed â€Å"The Heart of Darkness,† I couldn’t help feeling a little insulted by the oft used word nigger.   My feelings lead me to do a little research on this word nigger.   I checked three dictionaries:   (1) the â€Å"Oxford Concise Dictionary,† (2) the â€Å"Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary,† and (3) â€Å"The American Heritage Dictionary.†Ã‚   They all had in common one definition, â€Å"a member of any dark-skinned race.†Ã‚   In addition, they all said it was â€Å"offensive.†Ã‚   Webster’s went one further and said â€Å"a member of a socially disadvantaged class of persons.†Ã‚   Now this last definition was closer to what my parents had told me the meaning of the word nigger was, an ignorant person.   I tend to like my parents’ definition much better than all the r est combined! The word nigger is actually derived from the Latin word niger which means black.   Okay, so we’re getting closer to understanding now.   So why all the controversy surrounding this word?   I even have to wonder if â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† was written by a black author would I have been equally or less offended?   This word nigger was recently the cause of a controversy between two very prominent directors, Spike Lee (black) and Quentin Tarantino (white), in regards to Tarantino’s new movie â€Å"Jackie Brown.†Ã‚   Lee felt Tarantino used the word nigger too many times in his movie and considered it a racist act.   I’m not sure, but I believe Lee too has overused the word in his movies and yet he publicly cries foul when Tarantino does the same thing.   What makes blacks so offended by whites using the word nigger when they use if themselves? The main reason touted is because some blacks use it (and I mean use it often) as a term of endearment.   Then there are some blacks (usually the upper crust) who use the word as an insult, as in Webster, as a description of a low class black person.

Plot of Playboy of Western World

Plot Summary. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It is an autumn evening along the Irish coast in County Mayo. Shawn Keough stops at Michael James Flaherty’s country pub to visit Flaherty’s daughter, Margaret, called Pegeen Mike by her family and friends. Keough, a fat young fellow devoid of wit or talent, means to marry pretty Pegeen, a spirited colleen of twenty who is minding the tavern in her father’s absence. But she entertains no fancy for Shawn. When he pesters her about the â€Å"good bargain† she would have in becoming his wife, she tells him to stop tormenting her while she is doing her job. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Her father enters with Philly Cullen and Jimmy Farrell.They are on their way to Kate Cassidy’s wake. Flaherty and his friends enjoy wakes, which are among the few lively activities in the Mayo countryside, and they generally stay for the whole night to watch the corpse while imbibing spiritous glee. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pegeen is upset about having to tend the pub alone. After all, who knows what evildoer might steal in from the shadows to set upon her. She complains, â€Å"It's a queer father'd be leaving me lonesome these twelve hours of dark, and I piling the turf [peat] with the dogs barking, and the calves mooing, and my own teeth rattling with the fear. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. When Flaherty suggests that Keough keep her company, Shawn begs off, saying he would incur the wrath of Father Reilly for staying alone with her the whole night. By and by, a slight young fellow named Christy Mahon stumbles in, tired and dirty, and asks for a glass of porter. When he inquires whether the police frequent the establishment, Michael Flaherty thinks he might be on the run. Flaherty and his friends question Christy. Did he commit larceny? Did he stalk a young girl? Did he fail to pay his rent? Is he a counterfeiter? Does he have three wives? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Christy, who speaks in a wee voice, says he is the son of a well-to-do farmer and therefore has no need of money. And, says he, he is a decent fellow who would never do wrong to a woman. When Flaherty and the others continue to pump Christy, Pegeen comes to his defense: â€Å"You did nothing at all. A soft lad the like of you wouldn't slit the windpipe of a screeching sow. † But Christy balks at that observation, as if she had accused him of not being man enough to commit a crime. Then he reveals that he is indeed on the run, for he has killed his father, who was â€Å"getting old and crusty, the way I couldn't put p with him at all. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Flaherty, intrigued, motions for Pegeen to refill Christy's glass, then asks Christy how he did the deed. Christy says, â€Å"I just riz [raised] the loy [club] and let fall the edge of it on the ridge of his skull, and he went down at my feet like an empty sack, and never let a grunt or groan from him at all. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After he buried him, he hit the road, walking for eleven days, â€Å"facing hog, dog , or divil. . . .† Jimmy Farrell praises him for his bravery, and Pegeen joins in: â€Å"It's the truth they're saying, and if I'd that lad in the house, I wouldn't be fearing the . . . ut-throats, or the walking dead. † Christy Proud †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy swells with pride, and Flaherty offers him a job in the tavern. Keough objects, but Pegeen silences him. Christy, feeling safe and welcome, decides to stay at least for the night. Jimmy Farrell says, â€Å"Now, by the grace of God, herself [Pegeen] will be safe this night, with a man killed his father holding danger from the door, and let you come on, Michael James, or they'll have the best stuff drunk at the wake. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After Flaherty, Farrell, and Philly Cullen leave, Shawn Keough—jealous—offers to stay with Pegeen, but she pushes him out the door and bolts it.Pegeen now has a brave man, a hero, to protect her, and she and Christy warm to each other, exchanging compliments about th eir looks and other qualities. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Meanwhile, the Widow Quin, a woman of about thirty, stops by after hearing from Keough about Pegeen’s visitor. Widow Quin is locally famous for reportedly having murdered her husband. Eyeing Christy, she says, â€Å"Well, aren't you a little smiling fellow? It should have been great and bitter torments did rouse your spirits to a deed of blood. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. She wants to take Christy with her to her place.Pegeen tells Christy that the widow killed her husband â€Å"with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed [got over] it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself. † Mrs. Quin retorts that a woman who has buried her children and murdered her husband is a better match for Christy than a girl the like of Pegeen. But Pegeen fends her off, for she is determined to keep Christy for herself. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In the morning, three village girls—Sara Tansey, Susan Brady, and Honor Blake—come by the tavern with gifts for the brave man that killed his father.Sara has duck eggs, Susan has butter, and Honor has cake. Widow Quin enters after them, saying she has registered Christy in a local athletic competition featuring racing, leaping, and pitching. At the women’s prompting, Christy tells his murder story. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. He first points out that his father tried to make him marry the Widow Casey, a 45-year-old â€Å"walking terror† who weighed 205 pounds, had a bad leg and a blind eye, pursued both young and old men, and suckled him after he was born. When he refused to marry her, his father swung at him with his scythe. â€Å"I gave a lep to the east,† says Christy. Then I turned around with my back to the north, and I hit a blow on the ridge of his skull, laid him stretched out, and he split to the knob of his gullet. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pegeen comes in, well knowing wha t the women are up to, and chases them off. Later, Shawn Keough comes back, followed by Widow Quin, to tell Pegeen some of her sheep have strayed into a neighbor’s field to eat cabbage. While Pegeen runs off to fetch the sheep, Keough offers Christy a new hat and coat, as well as breeches and ticket to the western states, if he will just go away so that Shawn can resume courting Pegeen. The widow butts in, telling Christy to try the clothes on.He can decide later, she says, whether to accept Keough’s offer. When Christy goes into another room to try them on, Keough tells the widow he thinks that Christy is just dressing up for Pegeen and has no intention to leave. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The widow then offers Shawn a bargain of her own: Shawn must give her his red cow, a ram, the right-of-way across his rye path, and a load of dung at Michaelmas. Shawn not only agrees to her demands but also says he will throw in a wedding ring, a suit for Christy for the wedding day, and vari ous wedding gifts, including two goats for the wedding dinner. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.After Christy comes back out wearing the new clothes, Shawn leaves so the widow can go to work on Christy. But Christy, spying a fearsome sight coming toward the pub, hides behind a door. It is his father, still alive! After old Mahon enters the pub, he asks Mrs. Quin whether she has seen a young man on the run. She tells him hundreds pass by each day to catch the Sligo boat, then asks why he is looking for him. Mahon says, â€Å"I want to destroy him for breaking the head on me with the clout of a loy. (He takes off a big hat, and shows his head in a mass of bandages and plaster, with some pride. It was he did that, and amn't I a great wonder to think I've traced him ten days with that rent in my crown? † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The villain, he says, is his own son. When the widow—who is able to see Christy behind the door—questions old Mahon about his son, Mahon says his son is a good-for-no thing lout who is afraid of women, gets drunk on the mere smell of liquor, and once required medical treatment for drawing on a pipe of tobacco. He’s â€Å"dark and dirty,† says the old man, â€Å"an ugly young blackguard. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Widow Quin tells him she did see such a young man on his way to catch a steamer.She then gives him directions that send him on a wild-goose chase. After old Mahon leaves, the widow scolds Christy, mildly, for pretending to be the Playboy of the Western World. Then she invites him to marry her and live in her house, where she will protect him from inquiries about whether he committed murder. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Outside, young ladies are calling for Christy. They want to escort him to the sporting competitions. Christy, meanwhile, tells the widow he has his heart set on Pegeen. He would be forever in the widow’s debt if she helped him win Pegeen.The widow says she will if he promises to give her a ram, a load of dung at Mich aelmas, and a right-of-way across land. Christy promises to do so. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Later in the day, Jimmy and Philly return from the wake, both tipsy, and enter the tavern. They speculate about how Christy killed his father and buried him, wondering what will happen if someone discovers the old man’s bones. While they are talking, Old Mahon comes in and sits at a table, for he has had no luck finding Christy. Continuing his conversation with Philly, Jimmy says that when he was a boy he found the bones of a man in a graveyard and tried to put them together like a puzzle.What a sight those bones were, Jimmy says—one would never again find the like of them. Overhearing that part of the conversation, old Mahon gets up and shows them his skull, saying, â€Å"Tell me where and when there was another the like of it. † He tells them it was his own son who struck him. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. They are impressed—but unaware that Mahon is Christy’s father. The window Quin comes in again, aghast to see old Mahon. He tells her he had no luck tracking down his son. Mrs. Quin gives him a drink and seats him out of earshot of the others. Then she tells Jimmy and Philly that old Mahon is daft.It was a tinker who split his skull, she says, but the old Man—upon hearing about the local hero, Christy—claims it was Christy who did it. They believe her. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cheering is heard. Everyone in the tavern looks out the window and sees Christy winning the mule race. When the spectators raise him onto their shoulders, old Mahon identifies him as his good-for-nothing son. Widow Quin pronounces Mahon mad for thinking so, for how could his son—if he is the fool that Mahon says he is—be such a great sportsman and win the admiration of so many people?Mahon admits he has not been himself lately: â€Å"There was one time I seen ten scarlet divils letting on they'd cork my spirit in a gallon can; and one time I seen rats as big as b adgers sucking the life blood from the butt of my lug. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The widow tells him he’d best leave, for the lads in the crowd don’t take kindly to madmen. When he goes on his way, Philly goes with him, saying he will give the old fellow some supper and a place to rest, then check to see if he is as mad as the widow says. Meanwhile, with the continuing cheers of the crowd following him, Christy enters the tavern in his jockey’s uniform with Pegeen and other girls.The people present him prizes, including bagpipes and a fiddle. Christy, riding the glory of the moment, asks Pegeen to marry him, and she consents. Michael Flaherty Returns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Michael Flaherty returns then from the wake and congratulates Christy for his great victory in the race. When Pegeen tells him she plans to marry Christy, her father at first objects. But moments later, when Shawn Keough is afraid to fight Christy for Pegeen, old Flaherty renounces Keough as a coward a nd welcomes Christy as his daughter’s future husband. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Then old Mahon returns with a club, reveals himself as Christy’s father, and begins beating Christy. The crowd then turns on Christy for posing as a murderer. Even Pegeen condemns him, saying, â€Å"And to think of the coaxing glory we had given him, and he after doing nothing but hitting a soft blow and chasing northward in a sweat of fear. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy has only one option—to kill his father again. The two men fight. Christy grabs the club and chases Old Mahon outside. In the center of the crowd, Christy brings down the club. There is a cry, then dead silence.Christy returns to the tavern in a daze. This time the crowd, having witnessed a real murder close up, is horrified at the deed. Pegeen says: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"I'll say, a strange man is a marvel, with his mighty talk; but what's a squabble in your back-yard, and the blow of a loy, have taught me that there's a gr eat gap between a gallous story and a dirty deed. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After the people tie Christy up, he asks Pegeen to release him, but she refuses. Then they burn his leg with sod. A moment later, though, old Mahon—wonder of wonders—comes back from the dead one more time.When he asks Christy why he is tied up, Christy says, â€Å"They're taking me to the peelers [police] to have me hanged for slaying you. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Old Mahon, who now admires his son for his bravery, unties him and says, â€Å"My son and myself will be going our own way, and we'll have great times from this out telling stories of the villainy of Mayo, and the fools is here. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy willingly goes along but declares that henceforth he will be master of the house. He is a changed man—confident now, self-assured. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Shawn Keough declares that a miracle has been worked in his favor.Now, he says, he can marry Pegeen. She boxes his ears and te lls him to go away. Then, throwing a shawl over her head and weeping, she says, â€Å"Oh my grief, I've lost him surely. I've lost the only Playboy of the Western World. † . Theme: Escaping a Humdrum and Suffocating Life †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy Mahon acts to change his life—first by cracking his father’s skull and second by telling a grand tale that endears him to his listeners. Neither action, of course, is how a young man in the real world should go about improving himself.But The Playboy of the Western World takes place in a fanciful world that allows the author to do the implausible and the outrageous. So Christy describes himself as the most admirable of murderers to the rural folk of County Mayo. Ironically, though, Christy really does transform himself in response to the adulation heaped on him. However, his admirers—people hungry for diversion from their humdrum life—do not change; the closest they get to an exciting life is to drink, liste n to exciting stories, or attach themselves to a hero, Christy, from the outside. After he returns home, they return to their monotonous life. Climax . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.The climax of a play or another literary work, such as a short story or a novel, can be defined as (1) the turning point at which the conflict begins to resolve itself for better or worse, or as (2) the final and most exciting event in a series of events. The climax of The Playboy of the Western World occurs when the local residents discover that Christy's father is still alive. According to the second definition, the climax occurs when Christy â€Å"kills† his father a second time but reconciles with him after the old man recovers. . Synge’s Style †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Synge was a master at writing lively dialogue laced with exaggeration and colorful imagery.In The Playboy of the Western World, he infuses the speech of his characters with the rich English-language dialect of the Mayo County Irish, a dialect in fluenced by the syntax and vocabulary of Gaelic—an ancient Celtic tongue of Ireland and Scotland. To learn the intonations and speech patterns of the people of western Ireland, Synge lived several years in the Aran Islands off the Atlantic coast, in Galway Bay. Gaelic and Gaelic-tinged English have been spoken there for centuries. It was not uncommon for Synge to take notes when he heard Aran denizens speaking. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.When writing the dialogue for Playboy, Synge laced it with authentic western-Irish regionalisms and vulgarisms, as well as inflections and rhythms characteristic of western-Irish speech. However, he also peppered the dialogue with words or phrases common in other parts of Ireland. Synge explained his writing scheme in the preface to the play. The preface says, in part: In writing The Playboy of the Western World, as in my other plays, I have used one or two words only that I have not heard among the country people of Ireland, or spoken in my own nursery before I could read the newspapers.A certain number of the phrases I employ I have heard also from herds and fishermen along the coast from Kerry to Mayo, or from beggar-women and balladsingers nearer Dublin; and I am glad to acknowledge how much I owe to the folk imagination of these fine people. Anyone who has lived in real intimacy with the Irish peasantry will know that the wildest sayings and ideas in this play are tame indeed, compared with the fancies one may hear in any little hillside cabin in Geesala, or Carraroe, or Dingle Bay.All art is a collaboration; and there is little doubt that in the happy ages of literature, striking and beautiful phrases were as ready to the story-teller's or the playwright's hand, as the rich cloaks and dresses of his time. It is probable that when the Elizabethan dramatist took his ink-horn and sat down to his work he used many phrases that he had just heard, as he sat at dinner, from his mother or his children. In Ireland, those of us who kno w the people have the same privilege. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. As to the imagery, it relies heavily on vivid metaphors and hyperboles.For example, when Michael Flaherty asks Christy Mahon whether he has committed larceny, Christy replies that he has no need to stoop to thievery, for his father â€Å"could have bought up the whole of your old house a while since, from the butt of his tailpocket, and not have missed the weight of it gone. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Most of the humor in the play grows out of the dialogue—but not all of it. Synge also relies on situation comedy for humorous effect—having a character hide behind a door or barge in unexpectedly.Old man Mahon pulls off the ultimate surprise—coming back from the dead. In making the transition from one conversation to the next, Synge demonstrates superlative writing skill. Never do the transitions seem forced or contrived; instead, one conversation flows smoothly into the next. The trick is that Synge steers the di alogue in one conversation toward a subject of interest to a person who initiates a new conversation. The theatergoer or reader hardly notices that the author has been tugging at his marionette strings.